Official DfE data
Graduate salaries by degree subject in the UK
Quick answer
Across all first-degree graduates of GB higher education institutions, median earnings were £26,400 one year after graduating, £30,000 after three years and £33,700 after five years (DfE LEO, 2023–24 tax year). Among subjects with at least 100 graduates, the highest five-year medians were in Dentistry (£59,900), Others in engineering (£58,900) and Medicine (non-specific) (£56,400); the lowest were in Creative arts and design (non-specific) (£22,000), Art (£23,800) and Dance (£24,500).
Compare median earnings for 164 degree subjects one, three, five and ten years after graduating. Every figure is copied from official Department for Education data; blanks mean DfE did not publish a value.
- All graduates, 1 year on
- £26,400
- All graduates, 5 years on
- £33,700
- Highest 5-year median
- £59,900
- Subject with that median
- Dentistry
- Subjects with a 5-year median
- 146
- In work or study, 5 years on
- 88.7%
Which degrees earn the most after five years?
- Dentistry£59,900
- Others in engineering£58,900
- Medicine (non-specific)£56,400
- Engineering (non-specific)£52,300
- Economics£51,200
- Building£49,000
- Statistics£48,300
- Chemical, process and energy engineering£47,600
- Veterinary medicine and dentistry£45,400
- Materials technology£45,400
Subjects with at least 100 graduates in the five-year cohort. Median earnings five years after graduating, tax year 2023–24.
Which degrees earn the most in the first year?
- Others in engineering£48,700
- Medicine (non-specific)£43,600
- Others in nursing£41,000
- Dentistry£37,300
- Community nursing£37,300
- Engineering (non-specific)£36,600
- Mental health nursing£36,600
- Midwifery£36,600
- Nursing (non-specific)£35,900
- Health sciences (non-specific)£35,100
Subjects with at least 100 graduates in the one-year cohort (graduated 2021/22).
Graduate earnings for every subject
Sorted by five-year median earnings. Type to filter, or select a column heading to sort. Subjects with a CourseToJob guide are linked.
164 subjects
| DentistryMedicine and dentistry | £37,300 | £53,800 | £59,900 | £51,600 | 94.2% | 880 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Others in engineeringEngineering | £48,700 | £51,200 | £58,900 | £60,800 | 94.5% | 140 |
| Materials scienceMaterials and technology | £32,600 | £39,400 | £56,700 | £54,200 | 91% | 165 |
| Medicine (non-specific)Medicine and dentistry | £43,600 | £51,600 | £56,400 | £66,200 | 92.2% | 6,055 |
| Artificial intelligenceComputing | £33,700 | £41,400 | £55,600 | £43,200 | 85.5% | 110 |
| Operational researchMathematical sciences | £35,900 | £44,500 | £53,400 | £77,200 | 90.3% | 30 |
| Engineering (non-specific)Engineering | £36,600 | £43,200 | £52,300 | £58,600 | 89.7% | 1,580 |
| EconomicsEconomics | £30,700 | £39,200 | £51,200 | £71,400 | 87.9% | 6,875 |
| BuildingArchitecture, building and planning | £34,800 | £42,800 | £49,000 | £61,500 | 88.8% | 3,150 |
| StatisticsMathematical sciences | £33,300 | £43,200 | £48,300 | £60,800 | 91.4% | 255 |
| Chemical, process and energy engineeringEngineering | £32,200 | £39,900 | £47,600 | £57,800 | 89.3% | 1,360 |
| Veterinary medicine and dentistryVeterinary sciences | £34,400 | £39,500 | £45,400 | £46,500 | 95.4% | 895 |
| Materials technologyMaterials and technology | £31,800 | £38,400 | £45,400 | £52,700 | 90.1% | 150 |
| Software engineeringComputing | £30,400 | £35,500 | £44,700 | £49,400 | 87.6% | 1,715 |
| Electrical and electronic engineeringEngineering | £33,700 | £40,600 | £44,600 | £49,800 | 89.4% | 2,110 |
| PhysicsPhysics and astronomy | £30,000 | £37,300 | £43,900 | £54,500 | 89.7% | 2,675 |
| PharmacyPharmacology, toxicology and pharmacy | £27,100 | £37,500 | £43,900 | £42,100 | 91.4% | 2,080 |
| Production and manufacturing engineeringEngineering | £32,800 | £37,000 | £43,600 | £49,800 | 90.6% | 1,170 |
| Mechanical engineeringEngineering | £31,100 | £37,000 | £43,600 | £53,400 | 89.5% | 3,940 |
| MathematicsMathematical sciences | £29,600 | £36,200 | £43,600 | £53,100 | 88.9% | 5,050 |
| Dental nursingNursing and midwifery | £17,300 | £35,800 | £43,500 | £33,800 | 87% | 90 |
| Aeronautical and aerospace engineeringEngineering | £31,500 | £35,900 | £43,200 | £56,000 | 89.6% | 1,645 |
| Biomedical sciences (non-specific)Medical sciences | £24,500 | £29,600 | £42,500 | £49,000 | 90.4% | 6,005 |
| Computer scienceComputing | £31,500 | £38,100 | £41,700 | £49,400 | 86.5% | 7,695 |
| Civil engineeringEngineering | £30,700 | £35,500 | £41,400 | £52,300 | 88.3% | 2,395 |
| Community nursingNursing and midwifery | £37,300 | £37,000 | £40,600 | £39,900 | 94.2% | 305 |
| Maritime technologyMaterials and technology | £32,200 | £40,300 | £40,600 | £58,900 | 76.1% | 70 |
| Anatomy, physiology and pathologyMedical sciences | £25,300 | £36,200 | £40,600 | £50,500 | 91.1% | 730 |
| Naval architectureEngineering | — | £32,600 | £40,600 | £50,800 | 84.4% | 10 |
| Mental health nursingNursing and midwifery | £36,600 | £39,200 | £40,300 | £41,400 | 92.3% | 2,500 |
| Medical technologyMedical sciences | £33,700 | £40,300 | £40,300 | £43,600 | 93.7% | 1,190 |
| Planning (urban, rural and regional)Architecture, building and planning | £27,800 | £31,500 | £40,300 | £47,900 | 90.3% | 395 |
| FinanceBusiness and management | £26,000 | £31,500 | £40,300 | £52,700 | 87.4% | 2,960 |
| Slavic studiesLanguages and area studies | £26,000 | £35,500 | £40,300 | £46,500 | 80.3% | 75 |
| Others in nursingNursing and midwifery | £41,000 | £41,000 | £39,900 | £41,200 | 91.8% | 380 |
| AstronomyPhysics and astronomy | £26,700 | £32,900 | £39,500 | £49,000 | 87.9% | 305 |
| Nursing (non-specific)Nursing and midwifery | £35,900 | £39,500 | £39,200 | £40,300 | 92.3% | 865 |
| Learning disabilities nursingNursing and midwifery | £34,800 | £37,000 | £39,200 | £39,500 | 94.1% | 250 |
| Food sciencesAgriculture, food and related studies | £28,900 | £30,400 | £38,600 | £41,400 | 91% | 195 |
| Information systemsComputing | £28,200 | £31,800 | £38,400 | £43,200 | 84.7% | 345 |
| Physical sciences (non-specific)General, applied and forensic sciences | £28,200 | £32,900 | £38,400 | £43,200 | 86.6% | 95 |
| Management studiesBusiness and management | £32,200 | £35,500 | £38,100 | £45,800 | 85.7% | 5,025 |
| Bioengineering, medical and biomedical engineeringEngineering | £28,200 | £34,400 | £38,100 | £37,000 | 86.1% | 520 |
| ChemistryChemistry | £27,100 | £32,900 | £38,100 | £45,000 | 91.7% | 2,815 |
| MidwiferyNursing and midwifery | £36,600 | £38,100 | £37,700 | £38,100 | 94.5% | 1,900 |
| AccountingBusiness and management | £25,600 | £30,700 | £37,700 | £45,800 | 87.5% | 3,990 |
| PoliticsPolitics | £26,000 | £31,800 | £37,000 | £47,200 | 86% | 5,670 |
| Human geographyGeography, earth and environmental studies | £25,600 | £31,500 | £37,000 | £47,900 | 90.9% | 1,705 |
| PharmacologyPharmacology, toxicology and pharmacy | £25,300 | £31,500 | £37,000 | £47,600 | 88% | 585 |
| PhysiotherapyAllied health | £29,300 | £35,100 | £36,600 | £38,400 | 93.2% | 1,600 |
| Italian studiesLanguages and area studies | £26,400 | £31,800 | £36,600 | £46,100 | 86.8% | 100 |
| Iberian studiesLanguages and area studies | £25,600 | £31,100 | £36,600 | £43,200 | 85.1% | 555 |
| Biosciences (non-specific)Biosciences | £24,500 | £29,300 | £36,600 | £54,500 | 88.5% | 1,425 |
| Health sciences (non-specific)Allied health | £35,100 | £35,100 | £36,200 | £40,300 | 90.9% | 3,355 |
| Children's nursingNursing and midwifery | £33,700 | £35,500 | £36,200 | £34,800 | 94.2% | 1,840 |
| Molecular biology, biophysics and biochemistryBiosciences | £26,400 | £31,800 | £36,200 | £43,600 | 90.7% | 2,000 |
| Others in language and area studiesLanguages and area studies | £25,300 | £31,800 | £36,200 | £38,400 | 84.3% | 1,095 |
| Adult nursingNursing and midwifery | £32,900 | £34,800 | £35,900 | £36,600 | 94.2% | 9,000 |
| French studiesLanguages and area studies | £26,000 | £31,100 | £35,900 | £43,200 | 86.9% | 500 |
| GeneticsBiosciences | £25,300 | £30,400 | £35,900 | £42,800 | 90.8% | 180 |
| BiotechnologyMaterials and technology | £23,100 | £35,100 | £35,900 | — | 92.2% | 25 |
| Minerals technologyMaterials and technology | — | — | £35,900 | £43,900 | 76.2% | 15 |
| Healthcare science (non-specific)Medical sciences | £32,400 | £35,100 | £35,100 | £36,200 | 95.2% | 400 |
| Earth sciencesGeography, earth and environmental studies | £26,400 | £30,700 | £34,800 | £41,700 | 86.8% | 845 |
| Business studiesBusiness and management | £26,000 | £30,000 | £34,800 | £42,800 | 83.7% | 9,425 |
| German and scandinavian studiesLanguages and area studies | £25,300 | £31,800 | £34,800 | £41,000 | 84.9% | 200 |
| MarketingBusiness and management | £24,900 | £29,600 | £34,800 | £42,100 | 86.8% | 3,720 |
| Physical geographical sciencesGeography, earth and environmental studies | £24,900 | £30,700 | £34,800 | £41,700 | 91.5% | 1,375 |
| Forestry and arboricultureAgriculture, food and related studies | £22,900 | £32,900 | £34,600 | £33,300 | 87% | 15 |
| Teacher trainingEducation and teaching | £27,400 | £30,700 | £34,400 | £33,300 | 91.7% | 4,380 |
| Information technologyComputing | £32,200 | £34,000 | £34,000 | £46,500 | 88.2% | 995 |
| Environmental and public healthAllied health | £28,900 | £30,700 | £34,000 | £40,300 | 86.6% | 320 |
| Microbiology and cell scienceBiosciences | £25,600 | £29,300 | £34,000 | £42,500 | 91.2% | 250 |
| Others in biosciencesBiosciences | £24,500 | £30,000 | £34,000 | £40,600 | 88.9% | 345 |
| PhilosophyPhilosophy and religious studies | £24,500 | £29,600 | £34,000 | £41,000 | 86.4% | 1,935 |
| OphthalmicsAllied health | £24,200 | £34,800 | £34,000 | £32,900 | 88.9% | 765 |
| Biology (non-specific)Biosciences | £23,800 | £29,600 | £34,000 | £40,300 | 89.3% | 2,160 |
| African and modern middle eastern studiesLanguages and area studies | £25,600 | £30,700 | £33,700 | £40,300 | 77.1% | 125 |
| Human resource managementBusiness and management | £25,600 | £29,300 | £33,300 | £38,800 | 85.9% | 715 |
| ClassicsHistory and archaeology | £24,900 | £29,300 | £33,300 | £44,700 | 88.8% | 765 |
| LawLaw | £23,800 | £27,800 | £33,300 | £43,900 | 87.5% | 14,295 |
| HistoryHistory and archaeology | £23,800 | £28,900 | £33,000 | £41,000 | 89.5% | 7,055 |
| Social workHealth and social care | £32,200 | £33,300 | £32,900 | £36,200 | 91.4% | 3,655 |
| Development studiesSociology, social policy and anthropology | £26,000 | £30,000 | £32,900 | £33,700 | 83.7% | 240 |
| Asian studiesLanguages and area studies | £23,800 | £27,800 | £32,900 | £39,200 | 76.7% | 320 |
| Polymers and textilesMaterials and technology | £22,700 | £23,100 | £32,900 | £35,100 | 88.9% | 50 |
| American and australasian studiesLanguages and area studies | £21,800 | £27,800 | £32,900 | £38,100 | 88.9% | 245 |
| Rural estate managementAgriculture, food and related studies | £38,400 | £26,400 | £32,600 | £34,800 | 90.3% | 90 |
| Food and beverage productionAgriculture, food and related studies | £30,700 | £28,500 | £32,600 | £39,500 | 92.1% | 50 |
| Publicity studiesMedia, journalism and communications | £24,500 | £30,000 | £32,600 | £42,100 | 85.3% | 175 |
| AnthropologySociology, social policy and anthropology | £23,400 | £28,500 | £32,600 | £37,700 | 87.7% | 625 |
| Information servicesMedia, journalism and communications | £22,700 | £26,700 | £32,600 | £37,300 | 83.6% | 65 |
| Nutrition and dieteticsAllied health | £26,700 | £28,900 | £32,200 | £32,200 | 87.1% | 770 |
| LinguisticsEnglish studies | £22,300 | £27,800 | £32,200 | £35,900 | 86.1% | 440 |
| Environmental sciencesGeography, earth and environmental studies | £25,600 | £29,300 | £31,800 | £38,400 | 90.9% | 795 |
| Counselling, psychotherapy and occupational therapyAllied health | £27,800 | £30,000 | £31,500 | £32,600 | 90% | 2,020 |
| Others in psychologyPsychology | £23,100 | £26,000 | £31,500 | £33,700 | 88.9% | 230 |
| Food and beverage studies (non-specific)Agriculture, food and related studies | £27,100 | £30,400 | £31,100 | £38,800 | 84.9% | 20 |
| Combined, general or negotiated studiesCombined and general studies | £25,600 | £32,800 | £31,100 | £32,900 | 83.3% | 1,580 |
| ArchitectureArchitecture, building and planning | £23,400 | £27,800 | £31,100 | £39,500 | 86.7% | 2,275 |
| English studies (non-specific)English studies | £23,400 | £27,800 | £31,100 | £36,200 | 88.2% | 2,980 |
| Computer games and animationComputing | £21,600 | £26,400 | £31,100 | £38,100 | 81.9% | 2,295 |
| Others in business and managementBusiness and management | £33,300 | £27,400 | £30,700 | £37,000 | 86.9% | 120 |
| Others in computingComputing | £26,400 | £33,300 | £30,700 | £37,100 | 80.8% | 405 |
| PublishingMedia, journalism and communications | £23,800 | £26,400 | £30,700 | £37,300 | 91.8% | 160 |
| History of art, architecture and designHistory and archaeology | £22,700 | £27,400 | £30,700 | £38,100 | 85.6% | 490 |
| English languageEnglish studies | £22,300 | £27,800 | £30,700 | £34,400 | 88.8% | 740 |
| Sport and exercise sciencesSport and exercise sciences | £22,000 | £27,100 | £30,700 | £37,300 | 91% | 7,545 |
| Landscape designArchitecture, building and planning | £24,500 | £28,000 | £30,400 | £33,300 | 91.7% | 75 |
| Theology and religious studiesPhilosophy and religious studies | £23,400 | £27,100 | £30,400 | £35,900 | 80.9% | 880 |
| Literature in EnglishEnglish studies | £22,700 | £27,100 | £30,400 | £35,100 | 88.1% | 2,650 |
| AgricultureAgriculture, food and related studies | £24,900 | £28,900 | £29,600 | £31,800 | 86.2% | 610 |
| Tourism, transport and travelBusiness and management | £24,200 | £27,100 | £29,600 | £33,700 | 84.7% | 3,195 |
| SociologySociology, social policy and anthropology | £23,400 | £26,700 | £29,600 | £34,400 | 88.5% | 9,525 |
| JournalismMedia, journalism and communications | £22,700 | £26,400 | £29,600 | £35,500 | 88.3% | 1,575 |
| Psychology (non-specific)Psychology | £22,700 | £27,100 | £29,600 | £35,100 | 89.5% | 13,500 |
| Others in technologyMaterials and technology | £24,500 | £27,400 | £29,300 | £35,900 | 84.7% | 490 |
| Social policySociology, social policy and anthropology | £24,500 | £27,800 | £29,300 | £35,900 | 87.3% | 1,095 |
| Forensic and archaeological sciencesGeneral, applied and forensic sciences | £23,400 | £26,400 | £29,300 | £34,400 | 89.7% | 1,425 |
| Applied psychologyPsychology | £22,700 | £26,000 | £28,900 | £35,500 | 89.6% | 1,145 |
| Ecology and environmental biologyBiosciences | £22,000 | £26,000 | £28,900 | £33,300 | 89% | 865 |
| Complementary and alternative medicineAllied health | £21,600 | £27,800 | £28,900 | £24,200 | 85.2% | 570 |
| ArchaeologyHistory and archaeology | £22,300 | £25,600 | £28,500 | £33,300 | 87.9% | 440 |
| Personal developmentCombined and general studies | £28,500 | £28,500 | £28,200 | — | 82.1% | 140 |
| Others in veterinary sciencesVeterinary sciences | £26,000 | £28,200 | £28,200 | £30,200 | 90.7% | 275 |
| Design studiesCreative arts and design | £22,000 | £25,600 | £28,200 | £31,600 | 86% | 9,960 |
| Heritage studiesHistory and archaeology | — | — | £28,000 | — | 84% | 20 |
| Psychology and healthPsychology | £23,100 | £24,900 | £27,400 | £45,800 | 89.8% | 235 |
| Media studiesMedia, journalism and communications | £21,600 | £25,600 | £27,400 | £32,600 | 85.5% | 3,590 |
| Social sciences (non-specific)Sociology, social policy and anthropology | £23,400 | £29,600 | £26,700 | £32,200 | 85.5% | 605 |
| EducationEducation and teaching | £21,200 | £26,000 | £26,700 | £27,400 | 88.8% | 6,395 |
| Developmental psychologyPsychology | £20,500 | £25,300 | £26,700 | £27,100 | 89.4% | 265 |
| Health studiesHealth and social care | £22,700 | £25,300 | £26,400 | £27,400 | 87.1% | 2,100 |
| Cinematics and photographyCreative arts and design | £19,800 | £23,400 | £26,400 | £29,300 | 84.7% | 6,090 |
| Animal scienceAgriculture, food and related studies | £21,600 | £24,200 | £26,000 | £27,800 | 90.2% | 1,090 |
| Humanities (non-specific)Combined and general studies | £22,700 | £27,800 | £25,600 | £28,900 | 78.6% | 550 |
| ZoologyBiosciences | £21,200 | £24,200 | £25,600 | £31,500 | 90.4% | 985 |
| Childhood and youth studiesHealth and social care | £20,500 | £23,800 | £25,600 | £28,500 | 87.8% | 2,505 |
| MusicPerforming arts | £19,000 | £23,500 | £25,600 | £31,300 | 86.5% | 5,440 |
| DramaPerforming arts | £18,700 | £23,100 | £25,600 | £29,100 | 88.7% | 4,155 |
| Creative writingEnglish studies | £19,800 | £23,400 | £25,300 | £28,900 | 82% | 1,185 |
| Others in English studiesEnglish studies | £19,400 | £23,400 | £25,300 | £25,800 | 95.7% | 30 |
| Others in creative arts and designCreative arts and design | £19,000 | £23,100 | £24,900 | £26,400 | 83.7% | 505 |
| DancePerforming arts | £16,100 | £22,000 | £24,500 | £27,400 | 89.4% | 900 |
| ArtCreative arts and design | £17,900 | £22,000 | £23,800 | £25,300 | 82% | 2,460 |
| Creative arts and design (non-specific)Creative arts and design | £20,500 | £23,400 | £22,000 | £24,300 | 80.4% | 310 |
| Others in geographical studiesGeography, earth and environmental studies | £37,000 | — | — | £38,800 | — | 45 |
| Medicine by specialismMedicine and dentistry | £31,100 | £41,700 | — | £64,600 | 93.8% | 100 |
| Natural sciences (non-specific)General, applied and forensic sciences | £29,600 | £39,200 | — | — | — | 565 |
| Sciences (non-specific)General, applied and forensic sciences | £29,300 | — | — | — | — | 70 |
| Plant sciencesBiosciences | £28,200 | — | — | — | — | 25 |
| Business computingComputing | £27,800 | £32,200 | — | £34,000 | — | 395 |
| Medical sciences (non-specific)Medicine and dentistry | £27,100 | £37,300 | — | — | — | 350 |
| Business and management (non-specific)Business and management | £26,400 | £30,000 | — | — | — | 8,040 |
| Geography (non-specific)Geography, earth and environmental studies | £24,500 | £30,000 | — | — | — | 850 |
| Agricultural sciencesAgriculture, food and related studies | £24,200 | £31,100 | — | — | — | 25 |
| Liberal arts (non-specific)Combined and general studies | £24,200 | £32,200 | — | — | — | 330 |
| Cultural studiesSociology, social policy and anthropology | £22,700 | £26,700 | — | — | — | 55 |
| Performing arts (non-specific)Performing arts | £18,300 | £21,600 | — | — | — | 460 |
| Hair and beauty sciencesBiosciences | £17,400 | — | — | — | — | 45 |
| Celtic studies (non-specific)Celtic studies | — | — | — | £29,600 | 83.6% | 5 |
| Others in celtic studiesCeltic studies | — | — | — | — | — | 0 |
| Studies of specific authorsEnglish studies | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ToxicologyPharmacology, toxicology and pharmacy | — | — | — | — | — | 10 |
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How should you read these graduate salary figures?
Use them to compare broad subjects, not to predict your own pay. A median is the middle earner: half of graduates earned more and half earned less.
What does LEO measure?
Longitudinal Education Outcomes data links higher education records with HMRC tax and DWP benefit records. Earnings are gross pay from HMRC records for UK-domiciled graduates in sustained employment: PAYE pay is annualised, and self-employed income is included where reported. LEO cannot tell full-time from part-time work, so part-time earnings pull medians down.
Why do subjects differ so much?
Subject medians reflect the jobs graduates enter, where they live, how many work part-time or freelance, prior attainment and the providers that teach each subject. They are not a measure of the value of a degree or of teaching quality.
Why is a subject missing?
DfE suppresses figures for small cohorts and does not publish every subject for every year after graduation. A dash means no published value; we never fill gaps with estimates or neighbouring subjects.
What about individual universities?
Each university page shows DfE's provider-level figures for that university by subject area, and each subject guide lists the universities with the highest five-year medians. Provider figures are unadjusted and should be read with the same caution.
Graduate salaries: frequently asked questions
Which degree has the highest graduate salary in the UK?
On DfE LEO data for the 2023–24 tax year, Dentistry had the highest median earnings five years after graduating (£59,900) among subjects with at least 100 graduates, followed by Others in engineering (£58,900) and Medicine (non-specific) (£56,400). One year after graduating, the highest medians were in Others in engineering (£48,700), Medicine (non-specific) (£43,600) and Others in nursing (£41,000).
What is the average graduate salary in the UK?
The median for all first-degree graduates of GB higher education institutions was £26,400 one year after graduating, £30,000 three years after and £33,700 five years after, in the 2023–24 tax year. These are medians of annual earnings for graduates in sustained employment, not starting-salary offers.
Which degrees have the lowest graduate earnings?
Among subjects with at least 100 graduates, the lowest five-year medians were in Creative arts and design (non-specific) (£22,000), Art (£23,800) and Dance (£24,500). Lower medians often reflect part-time work, which LEO cannot separate from full-time work, and freelance income. They do not mean these degrees lack value.
Where does this graduate salary data come from?
Every figure comes from the Department for Education's Longitudinal Education Outcomes (LEO) statistics, which link student records to HMRC tax and DWP benefit records. We use the CAH level 3 subject data for the 2023–24 tax year, published on 25 June 2026, without estimating any missing value.
Why do 1-year and 5-year figures describe different graduates?
LEO measures several graduating cohorts in the same tax year. The one-year figure is for people who graduated in 2021/22 and the five-year figure is for people who graduated in 2017/18. The difference is not one person's pay rise.